Министерство образования и науки РФ

ГОУ ВПО Московский автомобильно-дорожный государственный

Технический университет (МАДИ)

Сочинский филиал

Регистрационный №________

Дата регистрации__________

Методист

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № _______

по дисциплине ____________________

Вариант № ___

Выполнил(а) студент(ка) группы ПА_________

_________________________________________

(фамилия, имя, отчество)

Проверил(а) ______________________________

(ученая степень, звание, должность)

_________________________________________

(фамилия, имя, отчество)

Проверена _______________________________

(дата, подпись преподавателя)

Сочи 2010

Variant 1.

Часть 1.

Текст для чтения 1: Composite Materials.

The combinations of two or more different materials are called composite materials. They usually have unique mechanical and physical properties because they combine the best properties of different materials. For example, a fibre-glass reinforced plastic combines the high strength of thin glass fibres with the ductility and chemical resistance of plastic. Nowadays composites are being used for structures such as bridges, boat-building etc.

Composite materials usually consist of synthetic fibres within a matrix, a material that surrounds and is tightly bound to fibres. The most widely used type of composite material is polymer matrix composites (PMCs). Composites with metal matrices or ceramic matrices are called metal matrix composites (MMCs) and ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), respectively.

Continuous-fibre composites are generally required for structural applications. The specific strength (strength-to-density ratio) and specific stiffness (elastic modulus-to-density ratio) of continuous carbon fibre PMCs, for example, can be better than metal alloys have. Composites can also have other attractive properties, such as high thermal or electrical conductively and allow coefficient of thermal expansion.

The advanced composites have high manufacturing costs. Fabricating composite materials is a complex process. However, it will be possible soon to produce composite materials at higher volumes and at lower cost than is now possible, accelerating the wider exploitation of these materials.

Задания к тексту для чтения 1.

I. Переведите выделенные слова на русский язык. Переведите следующие слова на английский язык. Выпишите из текста по одному предложению, в котором употреблено данное слово. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. 
   композитный материал –
   
2. 
   углепластик –
   
3. 
   кораблестроение –
   
4. 
   тесно связанный –
   
5. 
   волокно –
   
6. 
   керамический –
   
7. 
   непрерывное волокно –
   
8. 
   полезное свойство –
   
9. 
   электропроводимость –
   
10. 
    расширять применение –
    

II. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным курсивом словам в тексте.

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

III. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту.

1). What is called “composite materials”?

2). What unique properties do composite materials have?

3). How are the composite materials with ceramic and metal matrices called?

4). Where are composites being used nowadays?

5). What do consist of synthetic fibres?

6). What are the properties of composites?

7). What is the future of composite materials?

IV. Заполните таблицу.

Types of composites	Their physical properties	My own opinion about use of composites

Часть 2.

Текст для чтения 2: The Future of the Engineering Profession.

Engineering is a science which deals with design, construction, machines, engines, building, electricity, electronics, communication etc.

Among various recent trends in the engineering profession computerization is the most widespread. The trend in modern engineering offices is also towards computerization. Computers are increasingly used for solving complex problems as well as for handling, storing, and generating the enormous volume of data modern engineers must work with.

Computer engineering is a general field. It deals with both electric and electronic industries. Electronic engineering deals with the research, design, integration, and application of circuits and devices used in the transmission and processing of information. Electric engineering deals with electric power. In designing communication systems, engineers rely on various branches of advanced mathematics, such as Fourier analysis, linear systems theory, linear algebra, differential equations, and probability theory. Engineers working in the field of electric power design and operate systems for generating, transmitting, and distributing electric power. Several important developments appeared in this field. One of these is the ability to transmit power at extremely high voltages in both the direct current and alternating current modes, reducing power losses.

Major developments in the field of communication and control have been the replacement of analogue systems with digital systems; fibre optics are used now instead of copper cables. Digital systems offer far greater immunity to electrical noise. Fibre optics are likewise immune to interference; they also have great carrying capacity, and are extremely light and inexpensive to manufacture.

Задания к тексту для чтения 2.

I. Переведите выделенные слова на русский язык. Переведите следующие слова на английский язык. Выпишите из текста по одному предложению, в котором употреблено данное слово. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. 
   заниматься чем-либо –
   
2. 
   широко распространенный –
   
3. 
   обработка –
   
4. 
   сфера –
   
5. 
   полагаться –
   
6. 
   анализ Фурье –
   
7. 
   высокое напряжение–
   
8. 
   медный кабель –
   
9. 
   защищенность –
   
10. 
    чрезвычайно –
    

II. Напишите рядом с каждым утверждением является ли оно правдой (true-T) или нет (false-F). Если утверждение неверно, напишите верный ответ.

1) The term engineering is describing activity of people dealing with linguistics.

2) Engineer has a basic knowledge of other engineering fields, because most engineering tasks are complicated and interrelated.

3) Among various recent trends in the engineering profession automation is the most widespread.

4) Computer engineering is a general field. It deals with both electric and electronic industries.

5) The most important subject of electrical and electronics engineering is electric power.

6) Digital systems offer less immunity to electrical noise.

III. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту.

1) Who is an engineer?

2) What is the most widespread trend in the engineering profession?

3) What is computerization?

4) What can be done to reduce power losses?

5) What branches of advanced mathematics are used in designing communication systems?

6) What do the engineers of such field as electronic engineering do?

7) Is fibre optics expensive?

Часть 3.

I. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующие предложения на русский язык; определите форму и функцию инфинитива.

Образец:

1) To understand the importance of this event you should know all the facts.

Чтобы понять важность этого события, вы должны знать все факты.

to understand – обстоятельство цели

1. 
   He is always the first to come to the University.
   
2. 
   Nail Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon.
   
3. 
   I don’t know him well enough to ask him for help.
   
4. 
   The problem to be solved was to make the wheels lighter and stronger.
   
5. 
   To understand this phenomenon better one must know the structure of the material.
   
6. 
   Our intention is to charter a steamer immediately.
   
7. 
   He must know her address.
   
8. 
   There is every reason to suppose that the cargo will arrive in time.
   
9. 
   He worked hard so as not to lag behind the other students.
   
10. 
    To establish the molecular weight of oxygen means to find the number of atoms in the oxygen molecule.
    

II. Преобразуйте сложноподчиненные предложения в простые, употребив «объектный инфинитивный оборот» (the Objective Infinitive Construction).

Образец:

1. 
   When Jane entered the apartment, she found that Paul was cooking dinner.
   

When Jane entered the apartment, she found him cooking dinner.

1. 
   The teacher ordered that students should rewrite the exercises.
   

2) They consider that Ann will take part in the Olympic Games of 2014.

3) We expect that our athletes to win in the competition.

4) I heard that somebody was speaking in the room.

5) I found that he was a very clever man.

6) We consider that heat is a form of energy.

7) Everybody knows that gravity causes bodies to fall to the earth.

8) The couch believed that he was playing better.

9) He believed that this student was fit for the project.

10) We observed that applicants were good for the job.

III. Преобразуйте следующие сложноподчиненные предложения, употребив «субъектный инфинитивный оборот» (the Subjective Infinitive Construction).

Образец:

1. 
   It is known that coal is rather abrasive. Coal is known to be rather
   

abrasive.

1. 
   It is said that she knows several foreign languages.
   
2. 
   It is reported that the killer has returned to Moscow.
   
3. 
   It is alleged that the man drove through the town at 90 miles per hour.
   
4. 
   It is known that she is the most beautiful girl on the faculty.
   
5. 
   It is said that he works in the field of IT technologies.
   
6. 
   It is said that company is losing a lot of money.
   
7. 
   It is reported that many people are homeless after the floods.
   
8. 
   It is said that the new manager will work 12 hours a day.
   
9. 
   It is expected that he will be a good specialist.
   
10. 
    It is said that he is a secret agent.
    

IV. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Participle I и Participle II.

Образец:

1. 
   The theatre built in the last century needed reconstruction.
   

Театр, построенный в прошлом веке, нуждался в реконструкции.

1) I see a man walking around your car.

2. 
   He will manage the task using your methods.
   
3. 
   We learn English grammar doing many exercises.
   
4. 
   When driving my car I pay attention to the traffic signs.
   
5. 
   Having finished the experiment the students left the laboratory.
   
6. 
   While fixing the TV-set I had to ask my neighbor for help.
   

7) Having been translated into many languages Dickens’ books became known all over the world.

8. 
   When reading your translation I found some mistakes.
   
9. 
   While crossing the road she dropped her phone.
   
10. 
    When playing with a child my brother tries to think up new games.
    

V. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.

Образец:

1. 
   He was given an award for saving the life of his comrade.
   

Он был награжден за спасение жизни своего товарища.

1. 
   I remember your having objected to this schedule.
   
2. 
   Flying is better for long journeys but travelling by car is more interesting.
   
3. 
   His hobby is driving a car.
   

4) Is there any possibility of their finding a suitable building material so soon?

5. 
   They insisted on the question being reconsidered.
   
6. 
   After receiving good results they stopped experiments.
   
7. 
   He tried to find an excuse for being late.
   
8. 
   Did you have any difficulty in solving this problem?
   
9. 
   She was angry with him for losing her purse.
   
10. 
    Smoking is not allowed in this building.
    

VI. Переделайте следующие предложения из прямой речи в косвенную.

Образец:

1. 
   He said, “I have spoken to the manager about the terms of delivery of the
   

machine.”

He said that he had spoken to the manager about the terms of delivery of the machine.

1. 
   Peter said, “I met him in 2000.”
   
2. 
   She said, “I was reading a letter when he entered the room.”
   
3. 
   Dad says, “She will come in the evening”.
   
4. 
   He asked me, “Where do you live?”
   
5. 
   Mary says, “Jack has taken my dictionary”.
   
6. 
   He said, “I saw her yesterday.”
   
7. 
   He asked me, “Why have you come so late?”
   
8. 
   He said to me, “You ought to send him a cable”
   
9. 
   She said, “My brother works here”.
   
10. 
    He asked me, “Who is the owner of this car?”
    

Часть 4.

I. Составьте реферирование научной статьи объемом от 3 до 7 страниц. Источник: Т.Ю.Полякова Методические разработки для обучения чтению на английском языке с учетом профессиональной ориентации по специальности «Автомобильный транспорт» М.: МАДИ, 1986, 62c.

Variant 2.

Часть 1.

Текст для чтения 1: Water Pumps.

The difficulty of maintaining a sufficient rate of circulation results in a pump being fitted on large engines or those of high-power output. Sometimes, when a pump is employed, the system is referred to as “pump circulation” as though it were an entirely different method to the thermo-syphon process. This is not so, as the convection principle will continue whether a pump is fitted or not.

Besides speeding up the flow of water, a pump enables a smaller radiator to be fitted. A further advantage is that it permits cool water to be directed towards the hotter parts of the engine, such as exhaust valve seatings.

The pump or impeller, as it is sometimes called, is of the centrifugal type. Water enters at the centre of the rotor and is flung to the outside of the casing and so goes through the outlet with increased velocity. The vanes are shaped so as to assist this centrifugal effect, and therefore do not scoop the water up as is sometimes thought.

It is important that no leakage occurs from the pump shaft. On modern pumps the gland which is made of carbon with a rubber seal is spring loaded, so that it maintains a constant pressure on the shaft, effectively sealing it.

The position of the pump varies, some makers fitting it between the inlet pipe and the cylinders, others placing it at the outlet from the cylinders. If the pump is fitted low down it will have a tap for inlet pipe.

Задания к тексту для чтения 1.

I. Переведите выделенные слова на русский язык. Переведите следующие слова на английский язык. Выпишите из текста по одному предложению, в котором употреблено данное слово. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. 
   достаточный темп вращения –
   
2. 
   конвекция –
   
3. 
   ускорение –
   
4. 
   выпускной клапан –
   
5. 
   с увеличенной скоростью –
   
6. 
   лопасть –
   
7. 
   вал насоса –
   
8. 
   пружина –
   
9. 
   входная труба –
   
10. 
    выпускное отверстие –
    

II. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным курсивом словам в тексте.

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

III. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту.

1) What causes the difficulty of maintaining a sufficient rate of circulation?

2) In which case the convection principle will continue?

3) What are the advantages of water pumps?

4) What is the second name of a pump?

5) Does water enter at the centre of rotor?

6) What does the modern pump consist of?

7) What kinds of pumps do exist?

IV. Заполните таблицу.

Types of pumps	Application sphere	Technical characteristics

Часть 2.

Текст для чтения 2: Paratransit.

Paratransit covers a wide range of collective passenger movement types: school buses; social, health, and special bus and van services; subscription or club buses; community and neighborhood services; jitneys; variable-route and route-deviation services by buses or vans; shared taxis and regular taxi services; vanpools and carpools; organized share-ride or hitchhiking services.

Many of these types of services are organized or operated by private companies, social agencies, or welfare organizations. Transit operators have been exploring opportunities which can be served by the equipment that is available to them.

A bus operating on a fixed route or schedule may be programmed to deviate from that route up to a certain distance to pick up and deliver passengers, and still operate within the general framework of the route and schedule involved. This is sometimes called flexible route service. This is called flexible route service.

More freedom from route and schedule constraints is introduced by “dail-a-ride” service. Routes are determined dynamically by current demand, and schedules may only provide for vehicles meeting each other or fixed route service at some interval, for example, an hour.

Paratransit have advantages when providing service in places or at times when conventional transit cannot provide them, meeting needs of special groups of travelers and providing economic service. In some instances, paratransit has been operated in direct competition with conventional transit.

Задания к тексту для чтения 2.

I. Переведите выделенные слова на русский язык. Переведите следующие слова на английский язык. Выпишите из текста по одному предложению, в котором употреблено данное слово. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. 
   услуги отклонения от маршрута –
   
2. 
   передвижение автостопом –
   
3. 
   частная компания –
   
4. 
   техника –
   
5. 
   заданный маршрут –
   
6. 
   отклониться от –
   
7. 
   городской транспорт нефиксированного маршрута –
   
8. 
   фиксированный маршрут –
   
9. 
   общественный транспорт –
   
10. 
    конкуренция –
    

II. Напишите рядом с каждым утверждением является ли оно правдой (true-T) или нет (false-F). Если утверждение неверно, напишите верный ответ.

1) “Dial-a-ride” service is paratransit.

2) The word schedule is equivalent to the word jitney.

3) Many of transit services are organized or operated by private companies, social agencies, or welfare organizations.

4) A bus operating on a fixed route is called a carpool.

5) Paratransit doesn’t have any advantages over conventional transport.

6) Paratransit sometimes operates in direct competition with conventional transit.

III. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту.

1) What kinds of transport can be related to paratransit?

2) What vehicles are operating on the fixed routes?

3) Are routes determined dynamically by current demand?

4) What is called flexible route service?

5) Which transit operator is providing economic service?

6) What are the advantages of paratransit?

7) What types of conventional transit do you know?

Часть 3.

I. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующие предложения на русский язык; определите форму и функцию инфинитива.

Образец:

1) The purpose of this catalist is to accelerate the process of chemical reaction. Назначение этого катализатора заключается в том чтобы ускорить процесс химической реакции.

to accelerate – часть составного именного сказуемого:

1. 
   All the progressive peoples must fight for peace.
   
2. 
   He had to start the experiment at noon.
   
3. 
   Voltage, resistance, and capacity are the three important properties to influence the flow of current in а circuit.
   
4. 
   We expected for the impurities to fall out as a precipitate.
   
5. 
   То reduce the temperature of the substance, it was placed in cooling mixture.
   

6) Automation is one of the ways to increase productivity .

7) The wire to connect the terminals is 10 meters long.

8) Не asked us to return.

9) We expect him to come.

10) The transmitter is too weak to cover this distance.

II. Преобразуйте сложноподчиненные предложения в простые, употребив «объектный инфинитивный оборот» (the Objective Infinitive Construction).

Образец:

1) Chemists know that isotopes find wide application both in industry and agriculture.

Chemists know isotopes to find wide application both in industry and agriculture.

1. 
   We expect that he will solve this problem.
   
2. 
   I don’t consider that he is a good manager.
   
3. 
   I know that she has graduated from the university three years ago.
   
4. 
   The manager considers that the results are unsatisfactory.
   
5. 
   I expect that John will be elected.
   
6. 
   The scientists expect that this effort was relatively small.
   
7. 
   We know that a vector quantity is represented by means of straight line.
   

8) We believe that he is a good engineer.

9. 
   Johnny saw how the crowd broke the line of policemen barring their way.
   

10) I suppose that you will take part in this work.

III. Преобразуйте следующие сложноподчиненные предложения, употребив «субъектный инфинитивный оборот» (the Subjective Infinitive Construction).

Образец:

1. 
   It is known that coal is rather abrasive. Coal is known to be rather
   

abrasive.

1. 
   It is said that his theory is correct.
   
2. 
   It is said that he is a student.
   
3. 
   It seems that the weather is changing.
   
4. 
   It is known that she will sure come.
   
5. 
   It is expected that he will give us an answer tomorrow.
   
6. 
   It is reported that the fire produced a panic in the morning.
   
7. 
   It is said that there is a secret way in the castle.
   
8. 
   It is known that she works in the field of psychology.
   
9. 
   It is known that all bodies possess weight.
   
10. 
    It is sure that he will be send there.
    

IV. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Participle I и Participle II.

Образец:

1. 
   When asked this question, the student could not answer it at once.
   

Когда студенту задали этот вопрос, он не смог ответить на него сразу.

1. 
   The injured man was taken to hospital.
   
2. 
   The stars shining in the dark sky seem blue.
   
3. 
   Having finished the task children left the room.
   
4. 
   When going to work I always meet Mary.
   
5. 
   You will grow up beautiful flowers watering them every day.
   
6. 
   The theatre built in the last century need reconstruction.
   
7. 
   While translating the article I didn’t use the dictionary.
   
8. 
   I met my exe-wife going to work.
   
9. 
   We don’t know the girl standing at the window.
   
10. 
    Payment for the equipment was made in Mexico on the 3^rd of Janury.
    

V. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.

Образец:

1. 
   The idea of spending our holidays on the Volga belongs to my husband.
   

Идея провести каникулы на Волге принадлежит моему мужу.

1. 
   He was given an award for saving the life of his comrade.
   
2. 
   You can improve your pronunciation by reading aloud every day.
   
3. 
   I shall not be able to translate this article without looking up a new words
   

in the dictionary.

4. 
   He is used to getting up early.
   
5. 
   They have just finished loading the steamer.
   
6. 
   Не succeeded in finishing his work in time.
   
7. 
   This work is far from being easy.
   
8. 
   I am thankful to you for answering my letter so quickly.
   
9. 
   After spending a month in Moscow he went to St.Petersburg.
   
10. 
    Не has a bad habit of smoking before breakfast.
    

VI. Переделайте следующие предложения из прямой речи в косвенную.

Образец:

1. 
   He said, “I have been waiting for you since five o’clock.”
   

He said that he had been waiting for me since five o’clock.

1. 
   He said to me, “I ought to send him a letter”.
   
2. 
   The secretary said to me, “The negotiations have begun.”
   
3. 
   Mary says, “Peter has taken my car”.
   
4. 
   He said, “I have spoken to the manager about the terms of delivery of the
   

Machine.”

5. 
   He will say, “I sent them the catalogue on Tueday.”
   
6. 
   I said to him, “I get up at seven o’clock every day.”
   
7. 
   He said, “The goods were delivered yesterday.”
   
8. 
   She said to him, “You must consult a doctor.”
   
9. 
   She said to him, “You should send them a telegram at once.”
   
10. 
    He asked me, “Where is your sister?”
    

Часть 4.

I. Составьте реферирование научной статьи объемом от 3 до 7 страниц. Источник: Т.Ю.Полякова Методические разработки для обучения чтению на английском языке с учетом профессиональной ориентации по специальности «Автомобильный транспорт» М.: МАДИ, 1986, 62c.

Variant 3.

Часть 1.

Текст для чтения 1: Roadbuilding in the Arctic.

In the past, good roads have been built in Alaska using brush, moss and other natural vegetation as part of the insulating base. In the construction of modern highways, however, new methods have been sought which will decrease maintenance problems and prevent the surface cracking and buckling in roads built across permafrost, due to sub-grade failure.

Up to 44 feet of fill was used in low areas of the road-four feet of gravel covered with up to 40 feet of silt which contains approximately eight percent moisture. On the ridges of the underlying terrain where it was not practical to have thick layers of gravel, two-inch polystyrene sheets were used in experimental sections.

The ground in the area has an average year-round temperature of 30°F. It makes road-building more of a problem than on Alaska’s North Slope area near the Arctic Ocean where the ground temperature is 20 or 30 degrees colder, or than in more temperature areas in the southern parts of the state near the cost where ground temperatures approximate those in the northwestern states.

Ice lenses in central and Northern Alaska are a special problem, since thawing of these seasonally-widening wedges of ice descending into the earth would leave yawning chasms 10-20 feet wide and just as deep. So, the first step in construction of the new section of highway near Ester was to clear the land, removing trees and woody underbrush.

Previous test installations by the state highway department on the Seward Highway near Anchorage showed that use of the foam polystyrene greatly reduced frost penetration. At the Seward Highway sites, it was shown that frost penetrated only 31 inches under three inches of foam, compared to as much as 136 inches under adjacent sections of road without foam.

Задания к тексту для чтения 1.

I. Переведите выделенные слова на русский язык. Переведите следующие слова на английский язык. Выпишите из текста по одному предложению, в котором употреблено данное слово. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. 
   растительность –
   
2. 
   образование неровностей –
   
3. 
   влага –
   
4. 
   выступ –
   
5. 
   среднегодовая температура –
   
6. 
   побережье –
   
7. 
   зияющие пустоты –
   
8. 
   подлесок –
   
9. 
   снижать –
   
10. 
    пеноматериал –
    

II. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным курсивом словам в тексте.

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

III. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту.

1) What causes the difficulties in building in Alaska?

2) What are the new methods in construction highways?

3) Were natural materials used in road building before?

4) In what connection does the numeral 40 is used in the text?

5) Where is road-building considered to be more of a problem than on Alaska’s North Slope ?

6) What is a special problem in Alaska North?

7) What is the second name of highway?

IV. Заполните таблицу.

Methods	Materials	Problems connecting frozen ground

Часть 2.

Текст для чтения 2: Air Cleaner.

It is impossible to discuss the carburetor without discussing air, which is one of the three essential factors necessary to produce combustion. As previously mentioned, air consists of oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases. It is the oxygen in the air that is necessary for combustion.

During combustion the nitrogen and other gases pass through the engine and out the exhaust system. Each atom of gasoline combines with two atoms of oxygen forming carbon dioxide (CO2) which passes through the exhaust system as a gas.

With a rich gasoline mixture, carbon monoxide (CO), a poisonous gas consisting of one atom of carbon and one atom of oxygen, is formed because insufficient oxygen is available to form carbon dioxide. Two atoms of hydrogen from the gasoline with one atom of oxygen from water. Approximately 11/3 gallons of water are produced for each gallon of gasoline burned.

Air contains dust and abrasives that contaminate the lubricating oil which is continuously circulated. These foreign substances damage the closely fitted parts, therefore, filtering devices have been installed to reduce the amount of foreign material entering the engine. One such device is the Air Cleaner.

Mounted above the carburetor is a dry type air cleaner consisting of an AIR CLEANER BODY, FILTER ELEMENT, AND AIR CLEANER COVER. The filtering action of the air cleaner is accomplished by means of a dry filter element consisting of a band of accordion pleated filter paper encased in a wire mesh screen. The air enters the air cleaner through the opening on the side, passes through a silencing chamber, then through the filter. The clean air is deflected down to the carburetor. The dust particles are trapped in the filter element as the air rushes through it.

Задания к тексту для чтения 2.

I. Переведите выделенные слова на русский язык. Переведите следующие слова на английский язык. Выпишите из текста по одному предложению, в котором употреблено данное слово. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. 
   сгорание –
   
2. 
   азот –
   
3. 
   бензин –
   
4. 
   ядовитый –
   
5. 
   сгорать –
   
6. 
   смазочный –
   
7. 
   вещество –
   
8. 
   достигается –
   
9. 
   поступать –
   
10. 
    проходить –
    

II. Напишите рядом с каждым утверждением является ли оно правдой (true-T) или нет (false-F). Если утверждение неверно, напишите верный ответ.

1) It is possible to discuss the carburetor without discussing air, which is one of the three essential factors necessary to produce combustion.

2) Air consists of oxygen, carbon dioxide oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases

3) During combustion the nitrogen and other gases pass through the engine and out the exhaust system.

4) Three atoms of hydrogen from the gasoline with one atom of oxygen from water.

5) Foreign substances damage the closely fitted parts.

6) The clean air is deflected down to the carburetor.

III. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту.

1) What does air consist of?

2) What air component is absolutely necessary for combustion?

3) What does the air cleaner consist of?

4) In what way is the filtering action of the air cleaner accomplished?

5) What do foreign substances damage?

6) Why is it necessary to install filtering device?

7) What is the name of air filtering device?